This project will address land degradation (LD) in the state of the Sergipe in the Brazilian Northeast with a view to scaling up to the entire Semiarid region. It is designed to optimize and coordinate existing programs to engender sustainable land management (SLM), reverting land degradation in a state where 74.2% is susceptible to desertification (ASD) and only 13% the original Caatinga vegetation remains. It will strengthen the state environmental governance framework to better address the main drivers of land degradation and desertification, focusing primarily on the escalating conflict of land uses and unsustainable agriculture practices where LD is causing soil erosion, soil nutrient depletion, damaging hydrological system integrity and undermining ecosystem services. Key elements that will be strengthened include land use planning and appropriate environmental licensing and oversight to avoid, reduce and mitigate LD. Through strengthened institutional and smallholder capacities and facilitation of access to funding, uptake of SLM practices will be increased and on-the-ground actions will be tried and tested in the Alto Sertao Sergipe (SAS), where LD is highest. This territory is a state priority and is targeted nationally in a program to reduce hunger and poverty. By reducing LD and maintaining vital ecosystem services, the project will improve livelihoods in an area with high poverty and social hardship, particularly in agrarian reform settlements. Strategic action at the national level through the Department to Combat Desertification in the Ministry of Environment's Secretariat of Extraction and Sustainable Rural Development and the National Commission for Combating Desertification will enable this state's SLM governance model to be disseminated to other states, thereby facilitating replication across the entire Brazilian Semiarid region and evoking further global environmental benefits the middle and long term.