Enhanced systemic and institutional capacity for integrated landscape management and climate change resilience.

1. Number of new partnership mechanisms with funding for sustainable management solutions of natural resources and ecosystem services at national and/or subnational level.
2. Number of direct project beneficiaries
3. Increased status of all indicators in the GEF Climate Change Adaptation Tracking Tool (Annex 4b)
1.1. Status of Biological Corridor system delineation, including climate change resilience considerations, GIS mapping and inclusion in integrated landuse plans
1.2. Area under sustainable and climate-resilient management practices including incorporation in Local Forest Management Plans and Forest Management Units indicated by the GEF Sustainable Forest Management Tracking Tool
1.3 Financing gap for sustainable management of the protected area and biological corridor system closed as indicated by improvement in GEF BD-1 Financial Sustainability Scorecard
2.1 Percentage increase in METT Score for three protected areas (1,149,400ha) and four Biological Corridors (176,400ha):
2.2 Population size of key species: tiger in lower elevation, Snow leopard and Musk deer in higher elevation of PAs and sightings of animal or evidence (indirect signs) of movement of animals in the BCs:
2.3 Reduction in threat cases reported over the project period in project landscapes:
- % decrease in annual number of human-wildlife conflict cases for sample areas totaling 2,000 ha;
- % decrease in the annual number of poaching and illegal wildlife trade cases;
- % decrease in the annual number and area of forest fires.3.1 Gender-equitable livelihood options for at least 70% of population in project landscapes made more resilient to climate risks, indicated by:
• change in annual household income for selected sample communities attributable to project interventions
• % reduction in women's unpaid domestic work with corresponding increase in productive work and socio-political engagement
• number of people adopting climate-resilient livelihood activities associated with conservation management and processing of renewable natural resources (gender disaggregated) as quantified by the impact assessment
• quantity of climate resilient infrastructure including irrigation systems (types by area covered), climate-proofed roads (length in km), post-harvest storage and agricultural extension facilities (numbers & capacity)3.2 Sustainable land and water resource management instituted in targeted landscapes through community-based and gender-equitable SLM, SFM and climate-smart agriculture practices indicated by:
• Area of agricultural land under SLM
• Number of community SFM groups (CF/NWFP), with gender disaggregated membership data
• Number of water sources protected
• Soil erosion rates in one sample site for each of 3 landscapes
• Improved gender equity in land and natural resources decision-making and benefits between men and women
• increased women's participation and executive role in decision-making in commodity user groups and project committees4.1 Effective sharing of knowledge, lessons learned and project results enable replication and up-scaling of the project approach including:
• Status of knowledge on information sources, best practices, lessons learned & mapping of knowledge gaps on existing ILM/CCR practices in Bhutan
• # of case studies presenting project-supported best practices and traditional knowledge of ILM /CCR
• Biodiversity portal with updated comprehensive information on the PAs and BCs, including detailed GIS maps of the BCs.

Biological corridor governance and management established, demonstrated, and linked to management of contiguous PAs.

Livelihood options for communities are more climate-resilient through diversification, SLM and climate-smart agriculture and livestock management and supported by enhanced climate-resilient infrastructure.

M&E and Knowledge management system established to support sustainable management of forest and agricultural landscapes and climate-resilient communities.